Ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo dhau los, tib neeg tau sim ntau cov ntaub ntawv embolic rau kev kho cov kab mob vascular lossis kab mob hypervascular hauv cheeb tsam craniocervical. Nyob rau xyoo 1904, Dr. Dawbarn tau tshaj tawm txog kev siv cov qog nqaij hlav malignant ntawm lub taub hau thiab caj dab siv cov khoom ua kua sib xyaw ntawm cov quav dawb thiab roj av jelly. Xyoo 1930, Brooks thawj zaug embolized carotid-cavernous sinus nrog cov leeg nqaij ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid.
Peb caug xyoo tom qab, xyoo 1960, Luessenhop thiab Spence tau tshaj tawm thawj rooj plaub ntawm AVI embolization hauv lub cev. Lawv nthuav tawm cov hlab ntsha carotid los ntawm kev phais thiab siv cov roj hmab silicone ua cov khoom siv rau embolization. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev cuam tshuam txog neuroradiology yog tias xyoo 1960, Serbinenko thawj zaug siv lub zais pa detachable rau kev kho mob, thiab luam tawm lawv cov kev paub hauv kev kho mob carotid-cavernous sinus fistula nrog lub zais pa detachable hauv xyoo 1974. Tib lub sijhawm, tib neeg pib siv gelatin. Daim txhuam cev ua cov khoom siv embolization, uas kuj tau siv thawj zaug hauv kev kho mob carotid cavernous sinus hauv xyoo 1964. Polyvinyl cawv (PVA) tau pib siv los ua cov khoom siv embolization hauv xyoo 1974, pib ua daim txhuam cev, thiab tam sim no. Txhua PVA siv rau embolization yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm granules.
Xyoo 1976, Gianturco stainless hlau elastic rings tau pib siv los ua cov khoom siv embolic, thiab tau ua tiav siv rau kev hloov pauv ntawm DAW thiab carotid cavernous sinus fistula. Tom qab ntawd, tib neeg tau ua ntau yam kev txhim kho rau cov duab thiab cov khoom ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav coil, ntawm cov uas feem ntau hloov pauv yog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav electrolytic recyclable tau ntse tsim los ntawm Guglielmi li al. Nyob rau hauv 1991. Tom qab ntawd, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm detachable coils tuaj tawm ib tug tom qab lwm, uas tsis tsuas zoo txhawb lub interventional embolization kev kho mob ntawm intravascular aneurysms, tab sis kuj tau lug siv nyob rau hauv lub interventional plunger kev kho mob ntawm cerebrovascular malformations. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm neurointervention, khov-qhuav dura mater microspheres, autologous ntshav txhaws, sodium alginate microspheres, hydrogel microspheres, polysaccharide microspheres, stainless hlau microspheres, diatrizoate amine gelatin microspheres, lo lo ntxhuav ntu, dawb Ke hmoov, lub teeb apatite. thiab lwm yam tau raug sim los ua cov khoom siv embolization.
Cov ntaub ntawv embolic tau hais los saum no yog txhua yam khoom siv embolic. Qhov zoo dua yog tias kev txhaj tshuaj tsis txwv los ntawm lub sijhawm. Embolization tseem tuaj yeem ua tau thaum lub microcatheter tsis ua tiav. Cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj yog qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim los tswj. Qhov tsis zoo feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv ob yam. Ib qho yog tias cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob me dhau los yog tsawg dhau. Yog tias nws loj dhau lawm, nws tsuas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev mus kom ze thiab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov mob occlusive ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo. Yog tias nws me dhau, nws yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tau yooj yim thiab ua rau pulmonary embolism lossis AVM embolism. occlusion ntxov ntxov, yog li yuav tsum tau ib tug loj txoj kab uas hla microcatheter rau tus me nyuam thiab txhaj tshuaj. Rau AVM, lub transarterial embolization microcatheter tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev tsis zoo, thiab cov khoom siv embolic tsuas tuaj yeem thaiv cov hlab ntsha, uas tsuas yog zoo ib yam li ligation ntawm cov hlab ntsha noj thiab tsis tuaj yeem embolized rau pawg deformity. Qhov thib ob, cov kab mob kho nrog cov khoom siv tom qab embolization yog qhov ua rau rov ua dua. Ntawm ib sab, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom embolization lawv tus kheej los yog cov thrombus tsim tom qab embolization yog absorbed; Lub patency ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab muab cov vascular malformation. Raws li cov laj thawj saum toj no, cov khoom siv embolic feem ntau tsuas yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm ua ntej embolization ntawm cerebrovascular malformations.
Cov khoom siv embolic zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum ua haujlwm zoo, tswj tau, thiab nyab xeeb. Tshwj xeeb, nws yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no: 1) Kev pom; 2) Fluidity txaus, thiab tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj los ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws caliber microcatheter; 3) muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv inflammatory, uas ua rau cov hlab ntsha embolized mus tas li occluded; 4) Nws tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig, suav nrog cov teebmeem carcinogenic mus ntev; 5) Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom tau txais thiab pheej yig.
Cov khoom ua kua embolic muaj wettability thiab tuaj yeem embolized rau hauv qhov deformity loj, yog li nws feem ntau yuav muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws embolic hais saum toj no. Thaum xyoo 1970s, tib neeg pib maj mam tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ua kua embolic hauv lub hlwb AVM embolism, thiab txuas ntxiv tsim cov ntaub ntawv ua kua embolic tshiab.Keeb kwm, cov ntaub ntawv ua kua embolic feem ntau suav nrog ob pawg: vascular sclerosing agents thiab vascular occlusive embolic cov ntaub ntawv.
Angiosclerotic cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau suav nrog ethanol thiab sodium tetradecylsulfonate, uas feem ntau yog siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha ntawm cov venous malformations, uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov hlwb endothelial, txhawb kev tsim cov thrombus, thiab ua rau qhov txhab atrophy. Nyob rau hauv 1997, Yakes thawj zaug luam tawm ib txoj kev tshawb no ntawm embolization ntawm intracranial cerebrovascular malformations nrog ntshiab ethanol. Ntawm 17 qhov kev kho mob, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 13 lub hlis ntawm angiography pom tias 7 tus neeg mob tau kho los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ethanol nkaus xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ethanol txwv nws txoj kev nce qib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhia los ntawm Yakes, 8 cov neeg mob muaj teeb meem, txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm lawv yog ib ntus. Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm ethanol feem ntau yog los ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm ncaj qha ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau daim tawv nqaij ulceration, mucosal necrosis thiab cov hlab ntsha mus tas li. Thaum siv rau intracranial AVM embolization, nws yuav ua rau cov edema ntawm lub paj hlwb nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov txhab, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li. Kev sib deev neurological tsis txaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhaj tshuaj ethanol loj tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Vim muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb, txawm hais tias tus nqi occlusion ntawm AMI nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no yog ntau dua li ntawm lwm yam embolic ntaub ntawv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, embolization ntawm vascular sclerotic cov neeg ua hauj xws li ethanol tsis tau siv dav.
Xyoo 1975, Sano tau tshaj tawm txog kev siv silicone polymers rau embolization ntawm intracranial AVMs, uas yog ib qho kev qhia ua ntej ntawm vascular occlusion-zoo li kua embolization cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, Berenstein siv cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov viscosity silicone copolymer thiab cov hmoov loj rau embolization, ua ke nrog daim ntawv thov ntawm ob lub lumen zais pa, uas tuaj yeem tso cai rau cov khoom siv embolization nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha me me. Nws kuj ua rau cov khoom ua kua embolic me ntsis tswj tau. Txij li thaum xyoo 1970s, cyanoacrylate embolic cov ntaub ntawv sawv cev los ntawm n-Butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) tau siv rau hauv embolization ntawm intracranial vascular malformations, maj mam hloov cov saum toj no-hais silicone copolymer. Raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws embolic rau cerebrovascular malformations, nws tau siv ntau xyoo lawm. Thaum xyoo 1990s, ib lub tuam txhab Asmeskas tau tsim Onyx, ib yam tshiab ntawm cov kua embolic. Vim nws cov khoom tswj tau zoo, Onyx tau maj mam dhau los ua cov khoom siv ua kua embolic ntau dua. Lub Lava kua embolic system tsim los ntawm NeuoSafe yog tib yam li Onyx ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kho mob.
Piv nrog rau cov khoom siv embolic, vaso-occlusive kua embolic cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo sib xws rau hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hom phiaj, yog li txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm vascular recanalization thiab tau txais embolization mus tas li. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov kua embolism tuaj yeem raug txhaj ncaj qha rau hauv lub cev tsis zoo kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom qhov mob tiag tiag thiab kho qhov txhab. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv ua kua embolic tau hloov cov khoom siv embolic raws li cov khoom nyiam rau embolization ntawm cerebrovascular malformations. Cov khoom siv embolic yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ntxiv hauv cov khoom tsis tshua muaj. Raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv, vaso-occlusive kua embolic cov ntaub ntawv yuav muab faib ua ob hom, nplaum kua embolic cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog-adhesive kua embolic. Lava kua embolic system tsim los ntawm NeuoSafe yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog kua nplaum.