Cov Kev Xav Tau
Neuro thrombectomy stent retriever yog ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm tus kheej uas tuaj yeem xa los ntawm microcatheter mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha loj intracranial. Cov cuab yeej tsim los koom nrog lub thrombus ua rau lub nkoj loj occlusion (LVO) thiab tshem tawm ntawm kev ncig, yog li rov ua kom cov ntshav ntws hauv intracranial. Xav txog cov ntsiab cai dav dav ntawm thrombectomy stent muaj nuj nqi, tus qauv tsim ntawm thrombectomy stent retriever yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
1. Nrog rau kev txhawb nqa radial kom raug tso tawm qhib thiab nthuav tawm tus kheej rau kev ua raws li cov hlab ntsha zoo.
2. Lub peev xwm los khi thiab embed thrombi nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm txawv thrombus muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ceev.
3. Muaj peev xwm rov tso tawm thiab rov qab tau thaum txo qis thrombus rupture thiab distal thrombus embolism.
4. Tus nqi recanalization siab (muaj peev xwm tshem tawm thrombus thiab rov ua kom cov ntshav ntws tawm ntawm thawj zaug).
5. Txo kev puas tsuaj rau phab ntsa hlab ntsha thaum qhib thiab tshem tawm.
6. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm tsis tiav los yog ua tsis tau tejyam clearance, ntau re-releases yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj lub nkoj.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Stent
Cov khoom siv stent retriever tuaj yeem tsim los siv ntau qhov sib txawv hauv stent tsim kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim saum toj no. Cov kev hloov pauv no yav dhau los tau siv los ntsuas cov stents kho mob, suav nrog cov kev siv endovascular. Stoeckel thiab lwm tus tswvcuab tau siv 5 tus yam ntxwv ntawm stents los faib tag nrho cov stents kho mob yav dhau los. Cov yam ntxwv no yog cov khoom siv, cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom, txoj kev tsim, geometric configuration thiab stent ntxiv.
Khoom siv
Cov khoom siv rau stent retrieval nyob ntawm seb lub stent yog nws tus kheej-expanding los yog yuav tsum tau balloon expansion. Kev nthuav dav ntawm tus kheej stent retrievals yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws vim tias lawv tsis tas yuav tsum tso lub zais pa, uas tej zaum yuav tsis raug raws sijhawm hauv cov mob stroke. Self-expanding stents kuj muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev xa tawm yooj yim piv rau balloon-expandable stents. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj elastic modulus thiab siab yield stress. Los yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Nitinol, nws xav tau siab zoo lub cim xeeb zog. Nitinol yog npib tsib xee-titanium alloy uas tuaj yeem rov qab tau txog li 10 feem pua ntawm elastic strain. Qhov no tso cai rau siab elastic strain ntawm cov stents. Feem ntau cov thrombectomy stents yog tus kheej-expanding stents raws li Nitinol.
Daim ntawv raw khoom
Cov khoom siv stent tuaj yeem siv ntau hom ntawv sib txawv. Cov no suav nrog cov ntawv, raj, xaim thiab ribbon (flat wire) cov ntaub ntawv. Sheet stents yuav tsum tau dov mus rau hauv cov qauv tubular tom qab tsim. Variations nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub muaj stents.
Txoj Kev Fabrication
Txoj kev fabrication yog hais txog cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuab uas lub stent tsim thiab nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Cov hlau tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv stent los ntawm kev sib tw, braiding lossis knitting cov tswv yim. Laser txiav yog feem ntau siv mechanism, thiab tubular hlau yog feem ntau siv rau stents. Self-expanding stents tuaj yeem txiav me me lossis nthuav dav, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau polished thiab kho qhov chaw. Lwm cov txheej txheem ua tau yog dej dav hlau txiav, uas muaj qhov zoo dua laser txiav nyob rau hauv uas nws tsis tsim kom muaj cua sov-tshem tawm tsam ntawm qhov chaw txiav. Feem ntau thrombectomy stents yog tsim los ntawm laser txiav.
Geometric Configuration
Lub geometry ntawm stent retriever yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm hauv qab. Stent geometries configurations sib txawv, thiab txhua tus tsim muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Stoeckel tau faib cov stent geometries ua tsib pawg sib txawv: coiled, helical, braided, ib lub voj, thiab concatenate voj.
Coiled designs yog hloov tau yooj yim tab sis muaj tsawg radial zog. Lawv kuj muaj qhov sib piv qis qis, uas txhais tau hais tias qhov geometry no ua rau cov khoom siv ntau dua.
Lub helical stent zoo ib yam li tus qauv coiled thiab yog li muaj qhov yooj yim thiab tsis tshua muaj zog radial ntawm lub coiled stent. Kev sib txuas ntev tuaj yeem muab ntxiv los ua kom muaj zog radial ntawm tus nqi ntawm qee qhov yooj.
Braided designs muaj ib los yog ntau cov xov hlau uas yuav woven los yog knitted ua ke. Qee qhov kev nthuav dav tus kheej stents siv qhov zoo ntawm qhov geometry no. Txawm li cas los xij, Rau cov hom stents, luv luv yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb.
Ib lub voj voog yog tsim los ua Z-ntiv nplhaib thiab feem ntau siv los txhawb lwm yam kev cog qoob loo. Cov qauv no feem ntau tsis yog siv ib leeg li vascular stents.
Nruam nplhaib stents muaj ib tug series ntawm Z-shaped struts nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov struts hu ua choj los yog hinges. Cov kev sib txuas no tuaj yeem ua tsis tu ncua, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov inflection point ntawm lub voj voog, lossis ntu ntu, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ua ntej ntawm cov ntsiab lus inflection.
Nruam nplhaib configurations yuav raug kaw los yog qhib cell geometries. Nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw-voj keeb tsim, tag nrho cov inflection cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv yog txuas nrog txuas hniav. Kaw-loop cell designs muab scaffolding zoo thiab cov chaw zoo li tsis hais qhov curvature, tab sis lawv tsis yooj yim dua li qhib-voj cell designs. Qee qhov lossis tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam sab hauv ntawm qhov qhib-xov ntawm tes tsim tsis txuas rau ib leeg. Cov ntu tsis sib txuas ua rau muaj qib siab dua ntawm cov qauv kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev txo qis radial zog.
Ntxiv
Lwm qhov ntxiv ntawm cov qauv stent muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev pom cov fluoroscopic, xws li cov cim hluav taws xob lossis cov txheej txheem, lossis cov txiaj ntsig zoo, xws li cov tshuaj siv tshuaj, cov txheej txheem biocompatible, lossis hydrophilic txheej. Nitinol yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv rau feem coob ntawm cov thrombectomy stents, thiab cov khoom siv radiopaque feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov stents vim lawv cov fluoroscopic visibility tsis zoo.